From: Ralph McGehee Subject: CIABASE DATA: Drugs and the CIA (4/4) Date: 7 Oct 1996 23:51:34 GMT (continued ...) panama, 91 "noriega in miami" summarizes opening days of noriega trial and includes brief history of u.s. interdiction efforts against colombian cartels. 12/2/91 697-704 panama, 93 "u.s. sounds alarm on drug-linked corruption in panama-again." washington post 1/31/93 a20 panama, england, 87 u.s. customs have secret bank records of noriega showing he deposited tens of millions alleged to be payoffs from colombia's medellin cartel. noriega's's accounts at bcci seized by british authorities. amjad awan, former bank official in congressional testimony said noriega made hugh cash deposits in name of pdf. aman, who indicted in tampa case, said account controlled by noriega. washington post 6/17/89 a10 panama, honduras, nicaragua. noriega allowed illegal weapons shipments thru his country at request of 7 dcis including george bush per noriega's attorney. noriega also permitted illegal drug shipments under direction of dea. former dcis involved include colby, & helms. washington post 8/23/91 a4 paraguay, germany, 51-85 cia docs released on 2/26/85 indicate that josef mengele may have been heavily involved in narcotics traffic. washington post 2/27/85 a14 pentagon scaling back op support justice - bush scheme to interdict drug flights from peru, bolivia and colombia. cia recently reported counterdrug and crop-substitution programs in andean nations had little effect. after 4 years and hundreds of millions, bolivian coca crop is down slightly. peru's is up 9%, with larger increase projected for 94. newsweek 4/5/93 4 peru. 92 in op furtive bear a c-130h reconnaissance plane was secretly photographing coca fields in counter-drug ops. plane shot at by peruvian war planes and forced to land. one airman killed. dea has a counternarcotics base at santa lucia. neither side wants to investigate. newsweek 5/31/93 35 peru. pip (peruvian investigative police): peru's elite, and corrupt, police agency assigned to combat drug trafficking but penetrated by drug traffickers; responsible for atrocities against peasants and human rights workers. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 261 peru, 70-94 on 4/5/92, almost two years after he was elected president of peru, alberto fujimori dissolved parliament and seized dictatorial powers. mastermind behind conspiracy is vladimiro montesinos. for over two decades, montesinos has operated from shadows. narco-lawyer, traitor, human rights violator, former soldier, spy, he has mesmerized fujimori and used close links to drug trafficking organizations, then cia, to become not only country's de facto drug czar, but perhaps most powerful person in peru. cia given lead role in drug war by montesinos and new anti-drug unit did not catch traffickers or cocaine. its members, trained and equipped by cia, used for other purposes - overthrow of democracy, etc. p55. covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 94 beginning pg 4 peru, 87-94 dea plane, 5 agents missing in peru's jungle. agents part of "op snowcap," program aimed at stemming cocaine traffic from peru and bolivia. program began in 87, to allow dea agents help law enforcement in peru and bolivia. about 10 dea agents in peru and 12 assigned to bolivia. peru source of 60% of world's coca, from which cocaine manufactured. washington times 8/29/94 a5 peru, 88-91 see article "sowing violence in peru." the progressive 7/91 30-32 peru, 89-90 the battle of third world which emphasizes value of small units, light equipment, guerrilla-style tactics and an indirect role for u.s. during reagan adm the pentagon's center on low-intensity conflict worked with dea in op snowcap--op included anti drug acts in 12 latin american countries since 87 nacla (magazine re latin america) 4/90 10 peru, 89-91 general accounting office (gao) report, drug war: u.s. programs in peru face serious obstacles. u.s. general accounting office nsiad-92-36 10/91 38 pages peru, 89 corporate jets (cj) hired by gvt to dust marijuana fields peru. many cj pilots vets of vietnam and cia, have struck for higher pay. cj aka corporate business jets, based in opa-locka, fl. also uses name national air transport, inc. in peru cj has 53 planes including uh-1h and bell 212 helicopter gunships, t-65 spray planes and various transport aircraft. intelligence newsletter 6/20/90 4 peru, 91 peru signed anti-drug agreement with u.s. aimed at reduction cultivation of coca leaves and drug trafficking. u.s. budgeting $34 million for military trg and equip., $19 million for police assistance and $34 million for economic support in fiscal 91. washington post 5/16/91 a28 peru, 92-93 drug policy in andes called a failure. washington post 3/27/93 a1,7 peru, 92 peruvian fighter jets knowingly shot down a u.s. spy plane, killing a crew member. washington times 5/24/93 a2 peru, 92 three americans died in a helicopter crash during u.s.-backed drug war. 2 pilots and a mechanic killed - they were supporting a smaller aircraft. shining path said plane downed by a soviet made surface to surface missile. shining path and the pro-cuban tupac amaru revolutionary movement (mrta) operate in area. about 24 dea work out of u.s.-built peruvian police base at santa lucia. wp 1/23/92 a7. three americans were employed by dyncorp under contract to the state department to fly and maintain u.s. aircraft on loan to peru's police. washington post 1/24/92 a18 peru, 92 u.s. role in peru on hold. anti-drug ops await crash probe. helicopter that crashed was providing cover for a raid in u.s.-led effort to eradicate coca plants - campaign that moving at a snail's pace last 2 years. this a support helicopter to aide another that had mechanical trouble. 3 americans killed: james j. sweeney, robert w. hutchinson, and william r. bohannon, all civilian employees of u.s. contracted-firm dyncorp. shining path claimed they downed plane with surface-to-air missiles. washington post 1/25/92 a12 peru, 94 bodies of 5 dea agents killed in air crash in peru recovered - there no signs plane shot down or sabotaged. agents were assigned to op snowcap, a 7-year-old dea mission in peru and bolivia to work with local military and police to stop coca leaf production and distribution. agents were juan vars, meredith thompson, j. w. seale, frank wallace; and, frank fernandez, jr. washington times 8/30/94 a5 peru, bolivia, 90 dea plans to scale back its role in paramilitary campaign. washington post 6/13/90 a35 peru, bolivia, colombia, 86-90 sf advisers have worked with bolivia's drug police since 86 and bush adm has expanded military's advisory role in region. group instructors to work with peruvian police in 89 and advisers to colombia in 89. in 89 bush signed national security directive permitting military advisers to work in drug producing zones. nacla (magazine re latin america) 4/90 10 peru, colombia, 89-90 see article "drug wars the rules of the game." nacla (magazine re latin america) 4/90 9-11 peru, colombia, 95 american radar and planes aiding drug fight. details of the system. washington post 1/7/95 a22 peru, columbia, 94 president clinton said u.s. is resuming anti-drug efforts in colombia. he is expected to make a similar agreement with peru soon. both countries were previous beneficiaries of intel for counter drug operations. ap * 12/2/94 philippines, 90 three dea agents charged with murder in slaying of colonel in philippines. washington post 8/2/90 a22 puerto rico, virgin islands, 94 u.s. gvt has pronounced puerto rico and virgin islands as zones of intense drug traffic and will receive increased federal aid. intelligence newsletter 11/17/94 7 reagan adm officials repeatedly undercut law enforcement efforts against colombian drug cartels because adm placed higher priority on opposing nicaragua and on other foreign policy goals, according to senate report released yesterday by sen john kerry (d mass). according to report 4 companies that recvd $800,401 from the dos (state) in 86 to supply the contras were "owned and operated" by narcotics traffickers. setco air a honduras air charter company was est by ballesteros, a top cartel trafficker. richard brenneke, a contra-accuser, never had the cia connections he claimed and was unreliable. washington post 4/14/89 a20 santiago ocampo zuluaga: associate of cali cartel kingpin gilberto rodriguez orejuela, president of mas; indicted in 1980. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 261 see article drugs, iran-contra, and the hiv infection: the not so casual link. the nsc team. article based for the most part on the senator kerry report. z magazine magazine 10/89 41 see article "fighting drugs with the military." the nation 1/1/90 8-12 see article "fighting drugs with the military." the nation 1/1/90 8-12 see article "over there" america's drug war abroad. inter alia discusses "our men in bolivia:blurring the line between drug war and counterinsurgency." mother jones 3/89 p36-42 see book underground empire by james mills, published by dell see "cia's flourishing opium trade," ramparts 15 (6/68) 8 see "coca the real green revolution." nacla (magazine re latin america) 3/89 see "drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy," report by senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 169 pages see "inquiry" (1320 g st. se wash. dc) 3 viii 81 p19-24, "miami confidential." detailed story of unsuccessful investigation by r.j. sanford into activities of world finance corp. and its implication in miami drug traffic and in cia organized covert ops. study filled with enormous quantity of info, names and dates. parapolitics viii 81 p1 see "miami confidential" by john cummings re drugs and the anti-castro cuban exiles. inquiry magazine article discusses the world finance corporation, a multinational financial conglomerate operating from latin america to the middle east. inquiry 8/3/81 p19-24 senate intel committee report "national security secrets and the administration of justice." report includes: leak and classical espionage investigations; gray mail. cases of gray mail include: a case of bribery; the kcia case; the khramkhruan case re drug trafficking; the nha trang murder; and, the watergate case. senate intelligence committee 1978 51 pages senate panel rejects funding for justice dept national drug intel center. washington post 8/2/90 a5 senators in 90 charged military deleting controls over some of its most controversial intel ops raising concerns about clandestine activities that could be conducted by sf. recent proposals by sf would give special ops command more autonomy in overseas intel gathering efforts that would reduce oversight within dept defense, as well as from cia and congress. sf were controlled by individual services until congress placed the troops under a single command 3 years ago. sf trained to combat terrorism and 3rd world insurgencies and conduct drug interdiction and hostage rescues. sf complained for years cia and other intel agencies do not provide detailed tactical info needed to carry out missions. sen. nunn said "we don't want to duplicate the cia and we dont want to lose civilian oversight... that is what is a stake here." according soc new regulations have created an interagency bureaucracy that can require up to 71 days for approval of some ops. gen lindsay's proposals submitted jcs powell would eliminate rqms for cia approval of some special acts, including intel-gathering reconnaissance missions for drug interdiction and other military ops. dod gave senate armed services committee with changes in other regs loosening internal dod oversight and congressional reporting procedures. washington post 5/23/90 a19 south america, 92 20 federal agencies in drug war. it biggest u.s. op in area. as of 1/92 there 7,220 americans in drug war - numbers could be twice that high if includes military and intel assets. units involved include dea, irs, state, military, u.s. pilots, air force, customs, coast guard, cia spy planes and nsa satellites, aid, spin doctors from usia, justice dept. 200 pentagon officials assigned to other agencies. state dept has own air wing of 61 planes and helicopters. gen george joulwan, commander of southern command is highest ranking military officer involved. bob martinez, dir of national drug control policy nominally in charge. washington times 7/5/92 a6 south america, 92 article, "when civilians call shots, drug war puts gis in back seat." washington times 7/7/92 a1,8 south america, 92 latin armies drag feet in drug war. washington times 7/7/92 a8 south america, 92 long article on u.s. drug war i n south america. washington times 7/6/92 a1,10 southeast asia has achieved dual distinction of becoming world's largest producer of raw opium and the major source of america's illicit heroin. in feb 90 the dea announced that southeast asia was the source of 45% of all heroin consumed in the u.s. up sharply from only 18% 3 years before - details of world production. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 387 southeast asia, 47-75 details re the golden triangle and role played by cia. in burma, cia backed nationalist chinese forces despite their drug trade. by 60s, they controlled 1/3 of world's illegal opium supply. in laos cia supported hilltribesmen whose cash crop was opium. cia airline air america helped transport hmong opium to cities of long cheng and vietianne. cia treated trade with ambience. general ouane rattikone of royal laotian army, openly admitted his role in drug trade. chapter "the golden triangle." manning, r., (ed), (1988). war in the shadows: the vietnam experience 22-31 southeast asia, 70 ig's inspection of the secret war in laos including the drug trade, ops against north vietnam, air america, up country ops, and vang pao. breckinridge, s. (1993). cia and the cold war 138-48 southeast asia, 92 58% of heroin in u.s. originated in the golden triangle - remainder from southwest asia and mexico. dea offices in sea work to stem flow. dea had 35 special agents and 4 intel analysts in burma. hong kong, singapore and thailand. ops in burma limited and dea has no office in laos. gao recommends dea adequately identify its need for intel analyst support and conduct an assessment of its need for analysts in sea and reevaluate its recruitment selection and training process. u.s. general accounting office nsiad-93-82 12/92 3-4 southeast asia, pakistan, 88 the majority of drugs coming into the u.s. from the golden crescent around pakistan and southeast asia said dea head lawn. in sea most of the heroin goes thru thailand. washington post 3/16/88 a16 southern asia, 80-90 during 80s cia ops in afghanistan transformed s. asia from self-contained opium zone to major supplier heroin on world market. phc 441. saudi arabia delivered their aid directly to client guerrilla groups inside afghanistan, most allied agencies, the cia included, worked thru gen zia's [of pakistan], the inter service intel (isi). cia relationship with isi complex, cia commanded vast arsenal funds and high-tech weapons that dwarfed isi's meager budget. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 49 steven carr: witness who said he saw cocaine stored with arms for contras and who died mysteriously shortly after his story became public. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 259 syria, 91 dea held a meeting in oct in cyprus with heads of region's anti-drug forces. dea unhappy with syria. intelligence newsletter 11/20/91 taiwan, 70-77 despite taiwan being a top target of u.s. ci efforts - cia and kmt intel ties close and cooperative through the 70s. cia continued to train kmt's best agents in spycraft. a top agency source learned that the ibmnd was using diplomatic pouches to smuggle heroin into the u.s. and using profits to finance expanded u.s. intel ops. kaplan, d. (1992). fires of the dragon: politics, murder, and the kuomintang 243 thailand, 52 dci smith sent top-officials of opc and oso to untangle mess of opium trading under cover of efforts to topple chinese communists. grose, p. (1994). gentelman spy: the life of allen dulles 324 thailand, 54-75 agency's handling of criminal cases with doj re its own personnel. details of puttaporn khramkhruan's drug case. gvt docs filed 6/26/75 thailand, 69-76 the cia consistently attempted to have legal action against khramkhruan puttaporn (who accused of smuggling drugs into the u.s.) dismissed by a variety of legal procedures. it provided incomplete docs to the u.s. attorney general's office and refused to provide a rebuttal witness. greaney recommended asking the u.s. attorney general to drop the prosecution because the agency would have to resist the production of files and documents as well as subpoenas for witnesses to testify. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76 thailand, 70-76 cia given the responsibility for narcotics intel but they supporting the prime movers. even though cia facilitating movement of opiates to the u.s. it hid behind the shield of secrecy. the cia mislead senator percy and this subcommittee. puttaporn was a cia operative for at least 3 years on narcotics intel. purpose of stopping trafficking was not his prime activity. he and the cia both involved in supporting the traffickers. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76 thailand, 70-76 puttaporn khramkhruan investigated by house reps gvt ops committee re his cia connections. puttaporn said he managed the hill tribes project distribution firm in chiang mai. puttaporn had 3 bosses, the cia, the bpp and joseph z. taylor & associates - all of which interrelated. puttaporn one of 49 thai/native specialists employed by taylor to act as intermediaries with the hill tribe people. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76 thailand, 72 a gvt report said joseph z. taylor, development consultant (devcom) group is headed by ray coffey of cia and eugene scales. eight people of devcom are bpp advisors. the bpp is engaged in smuggling activities. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76 thailand, 72 cos in chiang mai is robert (bob) brewer. ten americans agents and one air america pilot. 90% of efforts in narcotics intel collection. ironic cia given responsibility for narcotics intel, particularly since they supporting prime movers. even though cia facilitating movement of opiates to u.s. they hid behind shield of secrecy for "national security reasons." much info given by them to various congressional committees was inaccurate. congressional memo 7/18/76 7 thailand, 73-76 puttaporn khramkhruan, employed by cia to get intel on narcotics, was an alleged member of an opium ring. u.s. customs discovered parcel of 59 pounds opium from thailand to u.s. they found his name and address in chieng mai, thailand. he arrested in 7/73. cia said it would not cooperate in the case and case dismissed. corn, d. (1994). blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 300 thailand, burma, 72 media spectacle staged by dea on behalf of cia. before u.s. tv cameras in march 72, gen li's kmt troops delivered a hundred mules laden with "opium," and publicly renounced the drug trade. thai military soaked with gas and burned 26 tons opium. with covert funding from cia, the thai military then paid the general $1,850,000 for his "last" opium shipment. opium pyre was neither kmt's last shipment nor entirely opium. 5 tons had been opium the other 21 tons was "fodder, other plant matter, chemicals." mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 417 thailand, burma, 87 opium warlord, khun sa, whose narcotics trafficking supports an armed rebellion against burma is reported under attacks from thai and burmese forces. bangkok has a longstanding reward posted for the capture of khun sa, whose real name is chang si fu. new york times 2/22/87 18 thailand, burma, china, 93 khun sa, reputed drug king, accused burmese military of drug trafficking. seized drugs belonged to the wa national army and khim nyunt, head of rangoon's military intel unit. khun sa has always denied involvement in drugs but says he does levy taxes on opium passing through his territory. burmese gvt mounting attack on khun sa to try to give appearance to u.s. they are bent on eliminating drug lord. washington times 12/18/93 a8 thailand, burma, china, laos, 60-87 most important kmt force in golden triangle is the 1st independent unit led by gen. ma ching-ko, controlled directly by taiwan's intel mainland ops bureau of ministry of defense. ma has impressive intel net in area. his 1,500 troops have a web of informants that gather intel for taipei and u.s. equipped with modern radio equipment in such places as vingngun and mong wa. gen ma reported directly to taipei and cia base at nam yu in n.laos. his effort crippled in late 60s and early 70s when china assisted burma and attacked bases at mong ko, hwe mong, long hpong hseng and lunghtangchai where they found spy paraphernalia. 20 intel agents executed by china. some survived: wei hsueh-long, wei hsueh-kang and wei hsueh-yin who for many years based at vingngun in wa hills to coordinate kmt-cia spy net. later brothers fled and joined opium warlord khun sa - wei hsueh-kang served as his treasurer for years. brothers broke away and formed own heroin empire. they helped build up wa army in early 80s. in 87 author of article - beril lintner - saw single-engine planes along yunnan border dropping boxes with radios, toys and leaflets depicting merits of life in taiwan. far east economic review 9/16/93 58 the case of genaro celya, awaiting trial for shooting a tuscon narcotics agent. celya claims he had been working with dea agent hugh murray who formerly worked for the cia. the arizona daily star, 4/13/84, 4/14/84, 5/10/84 u.s., 89 u.s. drug enforcement agency proposed training kgb agents in anti-drug operations. proposal suggested sending a team of five to ussr to train some 30 anti-narcotics agents from soviet customs, ministry of interior and kgb's second directorate. intelligence newsletter 12/20/89 3 ussr. retired analyst goodman charged: gates added to publications without supporting evidence that ussr using lethal chemicals in afghanistan; there economic ties between drug dealers and international terrorists; that soviets coordinating state-sponsored terrorism by syria, libya and iran. washington post 9/27/91 a1,11 venezuela, 90-93 60 minutes story about cia counter-narcotics op in caracas that through carelessness or worse, led to at least one ton of cocaine making it to u.s. under cia auspices in 90. op with corrupt venezuelan military officials in a joint-cia venezuelan anti-narcotics center had been denounced by dea and dept of justice as illegal. chief informant was former dea attache in caracas, annabelle grimm. she named mark mcfarlin and caracas cos, jim campbell. mcfarlin resigned and campbell retired. unclassified 1/94 3 venezuela, 90-93 justice dept investigating if top officers of a special venezuelan anti-drug unit funded by cia smuggled more than a ton of cocaine into u.s. dave christian, cia spokesman, said an ig's report said there no evidence of criminal wrongdoing. mark mcfarlin, one of cia officers assigned to drug intel, has resigned under pressure. cia caracas station chief (james campbell or cambell per 60 minutes 11/21/93) has been disciplined and retired. gen ramon guillen davila, who was chief of a special venezuelan national guard anti-drug unit target of investigation. in 12/89 cia station chief caracas approached dea attache re op to ship cocaine into u.s. cia wanted dea permission to "let the dope walk," (to be sold on streets in order to gather more info about medellin cartel's ops). dea refused request as violation of policy. 4 shipments of cocaine totaling more than a ton before last one, about 800 pounds, intercepted by u.s. customs in florida. during period, some of drugs stored at a special venezuelan anti-narcotics center funded by cia. mcfarlin tipped off guillen about a drug investigation into one of his associates - compromising probe. one of dea's caracas-based female agents was having a sexual relationship with mcfarlin. dea chief robert bonner provided some info to 60 minutes. washington post 11/20/93 a1,8 venezuela, 93 gen guillen davila behind shipment of cocaine into u.s. discovered by dea. dea investigation showed cia helped venezuelan officers run a profitable coke op. in 12/89 cia officer mark mcfarlin and his boss jim campbell, cos, asked dea to allow hundreds pounds cocaine into u.s. to help gather info on colombia's drug lords. dea officer annabelle grimm refused. guillen's agents got drugs from colombia and stored them in a cia truck at cia-funded counternarcotics center near caracas. several caches flown to u.s. mcfarlin told guillen venezuelan secret police unto scheme. dea finally stopped shipment of 3,373 lbs cocaine. cia claimed bad judgement and poor management. campbell retired and mcfarlin resigned. time 11/29/93 35 vietnam. drugs smuggled on cia/sog flights which exempt from customs check. valentine, d. (1990). the phoenix program 267 vietnam, 58-62 ngo dinh nhu used vnese intel in laos and indochina's corsican underworld's charter airlines to ship opium. in 61-62 he also used first transport group (which then flying intel missions into laos for cia under control of gen ky) to ship raw opium to saigon. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 197 vietnam, australia, 75 an american intel officer who served with australians, william corson, claimed cia aircraft flew secret cargoes of drugs in `black airfields' in remote parts of australia during final weeks of vn war. toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). oyster: the story of the australian secret intelligence service 252 wacl (world anti-communist league): an umbrella group of anti- communist organizations that has linked many suspected drug traffickers. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 263 war on drugs a war on constitutional liberties. it already undermined each of first 10 amendments of the constitution - our bill of rights. the progressive 7/91 34-38 webster launched 3 unique centers for counterintelligence, counternarcotics and counterterrorism. centers for first time joined clandestine operators and analysts in joint ops. webster created new post for strategic planning. washington times 5/9/91 a11 well-documented books have traced the sordid facts (re drug trade). among best are alfred mccoy's the politics of heroin (originally published in 1972 as the politics of heroin in southeast asia, and reissued in greatly revised and expanded format in 1991); the great heroin coup: drugs, intelligence, & international fascism, by danish journalist henrik kruger (1980); the big white lie: the cia and the cocaine/crack epidemic, by former top dea agent michael levine (1993); cocaine politics: drugs, armies, and the cia in central america, by peter dale scott and jonathan marshall (1991); the crimes of patriots: a true tale of dope, dirty money, and the cia, by former wall street journal reporter jonathan kwitny (1987); in banks we trust, by penny lernoux (1984); storming heaven: lsd and the american dream, by jay stevens (1987; and acid dreams: the cia, lsd and the sixties rebellion, by martin lee and bruce shlain (1985). email ronr muskox.alaska.edu 9/22/95 while u.s. drug cops continue hot pursuit of latin american cocaine kingpins the heroin bandits of southeast asia are taking advantage of distraction to smuggle record loads into u.s. heroin trade has become big business for chinese mobs in hong kong, but top drug experts tell us there are culprits in every southeast asian country. most notorious heroin peddler is gen. kuhn sa of myanmar, formerly burma, who once offered to help u.s. war on heroin by selling all his output to federal govt. washington post 7/12/90, va 19 worldwide, 50-90 there minor traffickers arrested in u.s. and cia will get them off. cia tried discredit mccoy. tried to suppress his book and threatened to murder his sources. z magazine 1/91 73-4 worldwide, 88-89 see article "the heralds of the drug war." has info on "the cia in the drug trade." top secret mag 1/89 12-14 zodiac company a cia front linked possible cuban exiles in drug traffic. blum, w. (1986). the cia a forgotten history 214 op, big city, drug testing in new york. freemantle, b. (1983). cia 89 domestic op, michael tolliver speaking from wichita courtroom about his cia-protected drug smuggling. claims he landed 25,000 pounds marijuana at air force base in florida. the progressive 4/88 11 mid 60 cia required to gather info on drug traffic for dea. rositzke, h. (1977). the cia's secret operations 110-11 drugs, thailand. thai national arrested re smuggling opium to u.s. did antidrug intel work under cover of handicraft business set up by jospeh z. taylor and associates a cia proprietary whose corporate secretary once worked for united business associates. law case would have exposed aid's role in providing cover for cia. robbins, c. (1979). air america 245-6 early 50 cia recruited corsican gangsters to battle commie strikers. both sicilian mafia and corsican underworld played key role in europe's post war heroin traffic and provided most heroin in us for next two decades. cia did not dabble in drugs to finance its ops, cia's role simply inadvertent consequence its cold war tactics. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 7-8 early 62-74 lao op became largest and most expensive in cia history. 35,000 opium growing meo and other lao tribesmen and 17,000 thai mercenaries. marchetti, v., & marks, j.d. (1974). the cia and the cult of intelligence 29, 105 enterprise. 86 secord and hakim two of four owners of tri-american arms. two major ops planned for company were manufacture of submachine guns and bulk manufacturing of opium alkaloids. iran-contra affair. (congress committees) 349 from circa 60-70 cia used approximately 150 cubans to watch and compile files on other cubans and americans in contact with them. other refugees picketted foreign consulates in new york and miami and waged a boycott of products manufactured by countries that traded with cuba. op carried out with knowledge and consent of fbi. ops in miami, new york, san juan, los angeles. about 150 informants in a special counterintel office here. office based originally in miami later moved to coral gables, fort lauderdale and pompano beach. if detained by miami police, someone would contact police and they immediately released. this op an outgrowth of op 40 to set up parent intel agency in cuba after the expected overthrow of castro. it had a budget of about 2 million, not including logistical support, which included private aircraft. op began winding down after crash in s.california. in wreck police found several kilograms of cocaine and heroin. new york times 1/4/75 george bush first gained responsibility for antidrug efforts in 1/ 76 when he became dci. pres ford had ordered the cia to assume a major role on the war on drugs in 75. cia used electronic surveillance in domestic ops. the cia intervened in numerous drug cases in order to maintain secrecy its ops and agents. rafael alarcon rcvd cia leniency. alarcon former head of chile drug enforcement and moonlighted in drug traffic. in april 74 alarcon indicted for conspiracy to smuggle drugs. he extradited to the us in 9/74 and plead guilty to reduced charges apparently because of cia concerns. frank matthews and 9 others severed from drug indictment because of cia concerns. gustav guerra-montenegro a suspected drug dealer's indictment dropped because of cia concerns. puttaporn khramkhruan of thailand had charges dropped because of cia concerns. this and other examples of cia involvement with drug cases and smugglers given in na 9/3/88 p149,165-6,168-9 gvt documents re dea project buncin to gather strategic and tactical intel to combat international smuggling orgs. 123 pages inspector general 50-75 investigated charges cia involvement drug traffic. concluded cia not directly involved but some of those it supporting were involved. u.s. congress, church committee report. (1976) b 1 228-32 jack terrel went to fbi and told them of gun-running and drug smuggling by contra supporters. he aware of a plot by the civilian military assistance to assassinate u.s ambassador tambs. cia coordinated acts of cma. the progressive 11/88 p25 labor. irving brown passed cia money to mafia types to pay gangs to attack french workers on strike in marseilles. money also used to finance illegal drug ops. counterspy 4/81 15 laos, 70-71 commander cia's secret army had opium refined at long tieng hqs for cia ops north laos. ph 244. air america began flying opium to long tieng. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 263 laos. air america used to transport drugs by meo, others. not until 72 did air america set up security inspection service. cia inspector general report found no evidence cia or senior officers permitted drug traffic. despite denials drugs were moving. psw 285-7. after 71 cia sanctioned use of herbicides against poppy fields. prados, j. (1986). presidents' secret wars 294 laos. air america accommodated meos general's opium which flown to market via aa planes. paul withers a green beret on loan to cia said aa planes came to pak seng twice a week with supplies and kilo bags gold dust which given to meo in return for opium. robbins, c. (1979). air america 233 laos. for the role of air america and cia in drug smuggling see chapter in book air america pages 229-246 laos. gen. ouane rattikone, warlord of northwest laos was a big time opium merchant who used official facilities for opium runs. robbins, c. (1979). air america 232 laos. opium integral part of secret war and cia's involvement in it. began with kmt operation in burma/china. later meo sidelined in opium. dope flown by corsican gangsters via charter airlines known as air opium. robbins, c. (1979). air america 230 laos. policy american agencies working with meo to turn blind eye to meo involvement opium, to have nothing to do with traffic. no evidence of complicity. blaufarb, d.s. (1977). the counterinsurgency era 152 laos. vang pao led cia meo army. was corrupt, formidable warrior, and opium dealer. cia chose to turn blind eye to his drug smuggling despite a report by bureau of narcotics in 71 that he financed attempt smuggle sixty kilos laotian heroin to france. heroin refined at lab in long tieng, cia hq in north laos. in 67 cia and aid helped vang pao buy 2 c-47s to create his own airline, xieng kouang air transport which used for transport opium. robbins, c. (1979). air america 137-8 laos. vang pao wealthy man partly result his control of opium. wealth stemmed from unlimited funds from americans. robbins, c. (1987). the ravens 96 laos, france, u.s. trinquier bought entire mao crop opium and sold it to bao dai to finance maquiasards' war. later americans turned blind eye opium trade, instead of becoming directly involved as had french. early efforts contain trade a failure as was later clampdown. outlawing of trade in 71 in laos opium inescapable fact of life. robbins, c. (1987). the ravens 94 latin america. report to congress "problems slowing the flow of cocaine and heroin from and through south america." a study prepared by dea, state and cia. 5/30/75 90 pages lebanon 58 partisans from our side smuggling dope into u.s. to support selves. kwitny, j. (1984). endless enemies 3 mafia-cia connection, drugs in general 47-87 . marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 30-6 michael tolliver flying drugs in a route protected by the cia. he said he was paid in 86 for ferrying weapons for the contras from florida to honduras and then allowed to return with drugs. the progressive 4/88 p11 nicaragua contras and drugs. marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 136-9 nicaragua, july 88 house judiciary subcommittee disclosed entire sandinista drug connection was a hoax. extra july/aug 88 14 nicaragua. for discussion of the contras possible involvement in the drug traffic to the u.s. see common cause mag. 10/88 p30-33 one month after hughs-ryan passed, ford signed finding that it's necessary for national security to counter terrorism and drug-smuggling wherever they existed. this strengthened cia's mandate to operate all over world. the center magazine 10/79 28 operation 40. 150-person counterintel, assassinations op 60-69 set up at time of cuba bay of pigs op. quietly disbanded after one of its planes crashed in california carrying several kilos heroin, cocaine. marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 135 pakistan-afghanistan border and iran, 81 the golden crescent area where most heroin coming into u.s. in book "weltmacht droge" austrian journalist hans georg behr shows connection between aid provided by western intel agencies and increased heroin shipping to west. he spent 2 weeks with afghan rebels smuggling opium to pakistan. money exchanged for arms. counterspy 10/81 29-30 pakistan. dea official said virtually no heroin refined in pakistan prior 79 but by 86 pakistan produced and shiped more heroin than rest world combined. covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 88 60 pakistan, afghanistan, 84 bush meets with the leader of pakistan's inter-services intelligence directorate and bush agreed for 3.2 billion in new us aid over and above the 2 billion allocated to the afghan op. yet by 84. according to european police sources, pakistan was furnishing 70% of the world's supply of high-grade heroin. cia's arm pipeline to afghan mujahedeen is organized and coordinated by pakistan's inter-services intelligence. main carrier is the national logistic cell, owned by the pakistan army, it is the largest transport org in the country. us has 17 officers in pakistan who work exclusively on narcotics. the dea contingent includes several cia officers. cia has gathered intel on narcotics since 75. european police who work with dea claim that us agents have identified 40 significant narcotics syndicates in pakistan yet none have been broken up in past ten years. nation article gives a background paragraph on the history of cia ops and drug traffic. the nation 11/14/88 477,492,94-6 panama. as late as 25 may 87 the justice dept called noriega's cooperation "superb." "the panamanians have given [the dea] 100% of their requests in terms of drug traffickers that they were looking for..." nacla (magazine re latin america) 8/88 p22 panama. drug enforcement agency, dea, fights to keep its office in panama. dea said important cases have been made with panamanians. dea official testified to congress that reports noriega's drug involvement date 1970, but dea had no hard info until just before his indictment. between 78-87 senior dea officials sent letters to noriega praising him for his cooperation. on 27 may 87 a year after details noriega's drug involvement reported the head of dea, lawn, praised his personal commitment in resolving a major money-laundering case. in late sept 88 dea testified before task force and said "panama has continued to cooperate regarding drug interdiction efforts." washington post 10/4/88 a 27 panama, 85-87 proof of noriega's drug profiteering lacking. john lawn head of the dea expressed his "deep appreciation for the vigorous anti-drug-trafficking policy...which resulted in numerous explusions from panama of accused traffickers, the largest seizures of cocaine and precursor chemicals..." mother jones 12/87 p15 peru, 88 us drug war in peru uses 3 helicopters which are flown by pilots of evergreen airline. the nation 8/20/88 p127 purpose of cia. nixon "war on drugs" 68-69, 70-74 ? opened loopholes in congressional restrictions on foreign police training, provided cover for counterinsurgency campaigns from burma to mexico, justified plotted assassinations. marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 209 rev moon's cia-linked unification church 80-87 suspected of drug-running. marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 244 see covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) issue 28 summer 87 on "cia and drugs." australia. see kwitny's book, "the crimes of patriots a true tale of dope, dirty money and the cia." discusses allegations cia involvement in drugs and various operations of the nugan hand bank see transcript of wgbh program "guns, drugs and the cia." 5/17/88 see "la penca: on trial in costa rica" for info on hull and drug traffic possibly involving cia in traffic. see page 55 southeast asia. church committee found no evidence cia "active" involvement in trade. fn. ranelagh, j. (1986). the agency 425 study by general accounting office 75 indicates cia itself has close ties to drug traffic. a 70 gvt study stated 70% of heroin to europe and u.s. originating from areas controlled by cia mercenaries. a dea report circa 85 said 55% heroin used in u.s. originated in the afghan, pakistan golden crescent area. national reporter winter 86 7-8 thailand 50-59 cia support invaluable asset gen phao in managing opium traffic. gave police aircraft, naval vessels, motor vehicles and logistic capability to move opium from fields to sea lanes, etc. ph 144. by end 50s in 70 report of bureau narcotics, burma, laos and thailand massive producer and source more than half world's present illicit supply. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 138, 145 thailand, 52-75 flap in 52 revelation of selling drugs, murder officially closed cia thailand op. op continued under private cover. 54-61 sophisticated u.s. equipment still sent to kmt opium growers via u.s. air force bases. op became major factor in cia laos war 61-75. marshall, j., scott p.d., & hunter, j. (1987). the iran-contra connection 33 thailand, sea supply corporation, 51 ssc delivered naval vessels, arms, armored vehicles and aircraft to general phao's police. phao called worst man in whole history thailand. phao's alliance with cia gave him extensive kmt contacts--he built virtual monopoly burmese opium exports. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 138 thailand. broker for opium in thailand general phao, cia's man. robbins, c. (1979). air america 86 thailand. thailand major opium marketplace where military cliques beginning with general phao siyanon in 47 also controlled thai national police. strongmen grew immensely wealthy from drug monopoly and from ties to cia. to manage training and equiping of the bpp cia formed overseas asia supply company, or sea supply. in thailand/burma theater, cat flights carried weapons and opium for thai strongmen. covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 87 4 trafficking 50-59 golden triangle cia-supported chinats in burma began growing and smuggling drugs using cia money and planes. market in thailand thru gen. phas syrinod who cia's regional agent for distribution free arms and ammo for guerrilla war. garwood, d. (1985). under cover 223 used cover story of kmt troops selling drugs as cover story for op to invade china from burma. prados, j. (1986). presidents' secret wars 75-6 vietnam, 68-70 cia avoids gathering info high level (vn) officials involved drug smuggling. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 218 vietnam, 61-62 nhu used first transport group (which then flying missions into laos for cia and under control ky) to ship opium to saigon. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 153 vietnam, laos. corsican gangster owned air lao commerciale whose silent partner was ngo dinh nhu, president diem's chief adviser who opened opium dens to finance his secret police. robbins, c. (1979). air america 231 western enterprises early 50 cia's cover org on taiwan. closed down in 54 and resettled 7-10,000 nat guerrillas in burma. most in burma in drug traffic using money and planes supplied by cia. ready market in thailand thru pha syrinod. garwood, d. (1985). under cover 223 71-74 ddo increased collection activities areas of terrorism and narcotics. u.s. congress, church committee report. (1976) b 1 123