Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 23:51:34 GMT From: Ralph McGehee Subject: CIABASE DATA: Drugs and the CIA (1/4) I hope all of this copies -- these are some of the references to CIA and drugs under the CIABASE category DRUGS. Because of its length I have not included a search for "drugs," et al in the entire data base. Ralph McGehee CIABASE 50-90 cia assigned minus-zero to narcotics. agency has its philosophy geared to communist threat. "it didn't give rats ass about opium." corn, d. (1994). blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 274 68-73 cia ops with bndd listed. cia memo 5/8/73 70-75 nixon put cia into anti-drug ops. gerry strickler head of latin american desk for bndd, conferred regularly with shackley - and gave bndd files to cia. cia used bndd info and recruited bndd targets as cia assets without telling bndd. corn, d. (1994). blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 258-260 80-99 stewart a. baker, former general-counsel of nsa, in dec issue of foreign policy magazine, "should spies be cops," looks at strenuous struggle among federal agencies that operate at intersection of law enforcement and intel gathering. since end of cold war and growth of transnational organized crime, it is harder to distinguish between targets of law enforcement and national security. baker reports serious risks to civil liberties and threats to foreign intel sources and methods grow exponentially. distinction may erode even further. bndd now dea found people they sought to bust had been recruited by cia - that was content to leave them in place as long as they got intel. in book "the big white lie," by michael levine he charges in early 80s, cia protected bolivia's cocaine-running dictator gen. luis garcia meza and his interior minister as well as their drug baron patrons. venezuela anti-drug unit funded by cia revealed to have smuggled more than 2000 pounds of cocaine into u.s. with cia knowledge. drugs sold on the streets. long-time cia asset vladimiro montesinos, is now behind autocratic gvt of president fujimori. in mexico, cia had fecund relationship with now dissolved federal security directorate (dfs), responsible for much drug-trafficking and other state-protected crime. emmanuel constant death squad mainstay for haiti's ousted military regime was on cia's payroll. washington times 12/19/94 a25 81-91 gao report drug control: status report on dod support to counternarcotics activities. u.s. general accounting office nsiad-91-117 38 pages 81-91 gao report, war on drugs: information management poses formidable challenges. u.s. general accounting office imtec-91-40 33 pages 82-96 cia drug charges re gangs in los angeles are garbage per oliver north. washington times 9/22/96 a2 82-96 dci deutch answers a question after a speech at georgetown u. 9/5/96 re articles in the san jose mercury that cia was involved with those connected with the drug trafficking trade in the early '80s in southern california. deutch: there has been extensive reporting in the san jose mercury newspaper that in the past, there was a cia connection between drug traffickers from colombia. first of all, we've reviewed past information. there have been frequent past independent studies. they're finding no connection whatsoever. i have just written today to congressman maxine waters, to senator boxer, and to congressman dicks, who have raised inquiries about this, that we have asked our independent inspector general to take a fresh look at it again. to the best of our knowledge, there has not been the connection that was alleged in the san jose newspaper.... email duane taurus.oac.uci.edu 9/5/96 83-92 at an international conference former dea officer, michael levine, claimed he listened as speakers from many nations lambasted u.s. war on drugs as fraudulent, phony, totally ineffective, as an excuse to invade other countries, as epitome of hypocrisy with american politicians and bureaucrats routinely consorting with biggest drug dealers and only prosecuting those without political power. extra 3/93 19-21 85-93 ex-dia agent lester coleman in his book, "on the trail of the octopus," describes his career with dia. in particular, coleman alleges u.s. intel attempts to conceal links with middle east drug operators contributed to panam 103 disaster in 12/88. coleman was indicted by a federal grand jury in new york on charges of perjury stemming from an affidavit he provided panam in 91. he now living in sweden. unclassified 1/94 23-4 88-92 lester coleman said he in 88 worked with eurame trading co., ltd, a dea proprietary in nicosia, cyprus. coleman said he found dea using trading company to sell computer software called "promise" or "promis" to drug control abuse agencies in cyprus, pakistan, syria, kuwait and turkey. coleman had been contacted by danny casolaro on 8/3/91. house judiciary committee. (1992). the inslaw affair 55,64-69 89 charting drug trade from the sky: u.s. points satellites at cartel crops. new york times * 10/14/89 n5 89 u.s. southern command formed tactical analysis teams (tats) to improve intel. ten teams in use today. tats use all-source intel; identify orgs; identify targets; produce target packages; provide imagery support; provide target identification. some areas heavy use of imagery analysis; in other possibly focus on signals intel (sigint). in many countries tat help determine collection priorities. to identify targets use humint, imagery intel, or sigint. first step to identify individuals and their links to others. military intelligence 3/95 12-17 90-96 a former dea agent has filed a federal class action suit against the cia, nsa and state department for unlawfully spying on him and other unnamed dea employees. lawsuit, filed 9/12/96 in federal district court in washington, d.c., claims the illegal electronic surveillance and eavesdropping of dea agents has been going on all over and has subverted crucial dea activities. richard horn, a 23-year veteran of the dea who currently serves as a group supervisor in field division in new orleans, is the only agent named in the class action suit. in 1994, horn had filed a lawsuit charging the former u.s. charge d' affairs for burma and burma cia chief of station with violating his civil rights by spying on him during his tour of duty in rangoon, burma. the defendants in that suit have successfully sought delays claiming, in part, that the suit threatens national security interests. horn, 49, served in burma in 1992 and 1993. pacific news service 9/12/96 90 gao report on coordination between the dea and fbi. u.s. general accounting office ggd-90-59 3/90 17 pages 91-92 cia established counternarcotics center, or cnc. an analytic non-operational intel center. perry, m. (1992). eclipse: the last days of the cia 15 92 dea to expand ops in cocaine-growing nations. washington times 7/6/92 a10 92-93 dea may have as many as 1000 fbi agents transferred to dea. intelligence newsletter 121/93 4 92-93 now cia developing agents in cali and medellin cartels. cia helped organize 89 ambush of drug kingpin jose gonzalo rodriguez gacha who killed in firefight with colombian police. newsweek 4/12/93 31 92 air national guard flying missions in drug war. washington times 7/5/92 a5 92 conference held in paris of "drugs: the new world disorder." presentations by former dea agent michael levine, alfred mccoy, alan block, and jack blum. conference centered on drug trafficking and money laundering. intelligence newsletter 12/17/92 1,5 92 dea faulted on computer security. dea commo equipment operator got info from dea's database, narcotics and dangerous drug info system (naddis) and gave it to a drug trafficker under investigation. other cases. jack anderson washington post 10/19/92 d11 92 gao report 4/92 "drug control: inadequate guidance results in duplicate intel production efforts." report says dod has contributed significantly to drug intel collection capabilities. however, no single organization is directing collection, analysis, and reporting of intel by both dod and law enforcement agencies. as directed by bush, the cia established the counternarcotics center to coordinate this activity. dod, has brought unique and increased intel to drug war. neither counternarcotics center nor dod has issued adequate guidance on two primary objectives - 1) collecting, analyzing and reporting info on major drug organizations and 2) detecting and monitoring individual drug shipments. cia's counternarcotics center has not and [does not] intend to issue [adequate] guidance. dod has not formalized guidance either. u.s. general accounting office nsaid-92-153 4/92 28 pages 92 gerald arenberg of u.s. national association of chiefs of police (nacp), claimed interpol had become a liability in tackling international drug trade because corrupt high-ranking police officers of member states, with access to interpol commo, pass this info to terrorists and drug traffickers. intelligence newsletter 10/22/92 3 92 in symposium in chicago, high-level military, intel and law enforcement officials met at u of illinois in chicago and gave arguments depicting unchecked growth in world of organized crime and terrorism... most being exported out of east europe and central asia to western europe and u.s. u.s. army intel report called for stepped up civil/military cooperation and development of low intensity conflict (lic) tactics. already army intel reserves mobilized and used in drug interdiction ops in southern u.s., particularly florida. dept of defense in drug wars with a new anti-drug group in combination with cia/nsa efforts against drug traffickers. harold orenstein, analyst with foreign military studies office, said former east european intel officers are joining organized gangs. intelligence newsletter 10/22/92 1,5 92 militarizing the drug war - u.s. issued a secret opinion that its military personnel can apprehend accused drug traffickers abroad, without host country consent. article by david isenberg. covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) fall 92 42-47 93-94 u.s. takes new path in narcotics battle - president clinton ordered the policy shift in 11/93, issuing a prepresidential decision directive. adm moving away from using military assets and using crop substitution and local police training. doubts that new (old) policy will work. washington post 1/12/94 a1,8 93-95 per cia intel, opium production has quadrupled since early 1980s. in 1993 it hit a record of 3,671 metric tons. ap 6/28/95 93 dea chief bonner quits after 3 years. washington times 8/4/93 a4 93 months after it opened $50 million national drug center (ndic) is isolated at its location in johnston, pa. center managed by fbi. it attracting ridicule. intelligence newsletter 11/25/93 4 93 outgoing dea chief bonner accused clinton adm of backsliding on drug war. washington post 10/31/93 a15 93 u.s. considers shift in drug war - military interdiction called a failure. washington post 9/16/93 a1,14 93 u.s. high-tech anti-drug shopping list: transportable observation platform (top) night vision system being tested by border patrol; non-intrusive cargo inspection systems such as full-size truck cargo x-ray machines; acoustic sensor technology to improve eavesdropping and surveillance ops; remote controlled audio and video recording technology to allow long-term, free-standing eavesdropping and surveillance; less-than-lethal weapons technology; home detection and monitoring for suspects under house arrest; quick automated dna fingerprinting technology for rapid criminal checks. intelligence newsletter 11/25/93 2 93 "drug control: reauthorization of the office of national drug control policy." gao/ggd-93-144 and gao/t-ggd-94-7 94 air force's long-range over-the-horizon backscatter (thh-b) radar in bangor, maine being converted to anti-drug use. intelligence newsletter 8/25/94 2 94 article "the new opium wars," names various individuals: ayub afridi of pakistan; haji baig of pakistan; khan khattak in jail in pakistan; quetta alliance; khun sa of shan state in burma/thailand; chao nyi-lai and wei hsueh-kang, former khun sa ally. details u.s. news & world report 10/10/94 40-41 94 book, washed in gold: story behind the biggest money-laundering investigation in u.s. history, by ann woolner reviewed by joe gores. book is complicated and documented account of our gvt's attempts to shut down money-laundering op. all corrupted by money or power. smuggler is coerced into becoming dea informant and snitch on medellin cartel. he becomes informant, never lies, never deals dopes, etc. dea constantly tailing him, giving him lie detector tests, etc. dea's atlanta office sets up own laundry, washing millions for medellin and using commissions to finance drug busts and gets in turf war with fbi and irs, justice, immigration and other dea groups. washington post 10/10/94 b2 94 dea cuts de facto "legalize" marijuana. intelligence newsletter 5/5/94 94 fake dea bank stings cali cartel. dea convinced cali cartel it an offshore bank willing to launder money. it laundered $52 million in op dinero. other dea op - foxhunt. washington post 12/17/94 a1,9 94 justice and treasury departments to end turf wars have agreed to give 1,100 u.s. customs service agents extended authority to conduct international drug smuggling investigations. now customs with strict reporting requirements with dea, can conduct in-country investigations arising out of border and ports-of-entry enforcement. washington post 8/11/94 a29 94 new clinton adm policy expected to lead to creation of a new centralized counternarcotic intel center and a unified command for deploying pm and special forces. already a resource task force on committee on narcotics intelligence issues (cnit). intel community must do a better job. cia's current narcotics center has only one person from dia and 200 from cia. dea's counterdrug joint intel center a little under 200. additional task forces in u.s. and pentagon's southern command in panama. resources do not include dea, coast guard, customs service and other agencies. lack of cooperation applies also to el paso intel center (epic) and newly established national drug intel center (ndic). adm new counternarcotic net will bring together under one roof intel and ops of cia, dea, treasury, and pentagon. intelligence newsletter 922/94 1,5 94 new report of national drug institute of drug abuse described the new national drug intel center located in johnston, pa. it has 3 divisions: administration, technical support, and ops. the heart is the ops div with 4 branches: strategic intel, organizational intel, document exploitation and collection. intelligence newsletter 2/24/94 4 94 new top personnel appointed in dea. names given. intelligence newsletter 9/8/94 4 94 u.s. shifting drug battle to block cocaine at source. 13.2 billion drug policy announced in feb 94 acknowledges the generally ineffective radar patrols. overall enforcement not being cut but will focus more on u.s. border and sources of cocaine especially peru, bolivia and columbia. plan to trim interdiction budget and to beef up aid and intel to latin american gvts to find drugs before they shipped. washington times 2/28/94 a5 94 u.s. should not resume tracking drug flights in colombia and peru unless the two countries promise they will not use it to shoot down civilian aircraft suspected of trafficking. washington post 7/15/94 a12 95-96 from dci deutch's "worldwide threat assessment to the ssci" on 2/22/96. enough coca leaf was grown to produce nearly 800 metric tons of cocaine. despite the disruptions caused by the arrests and surrender last summer of seven of its eight top leaders, the infrastructure and ops continue. illicit worldwide opium production exceeded 4,000 metric tons in 1995, enough to produce nearly 400 metric tons of heroin. burma is source of most heroin available in us, but opium production in afghanistan has skyrocketed since 1990 and colombia has surpassed mexico as largest producer of opium in western hemisphere. states of former soviet union are becoming a major conduit for heroin. the intel community also developed an aerial imagery reconnaissance tracking and plotting system to help better manage aerial reconnaissance collection against drug traffickers. iwr 2/24/96 95 as deputy assistant secretary of defense for drug enforcement policy and support, brian sheridan brings to his job both experience in intelligence having worked with the cia (1985-1989) and in private sector in international consulting. appointed to his current position in may 1993, sheridan has five well-defined priorities: demand-reduction, domestic law enforcement support, aerial detection and monitoring, foreign law enforcement support, and intelligence collection and analysis. he has also clearly defined his technological priorities: a rother (relocatable over-the-horizon radar) in puerto rico, and non-intrusive cargo inspection devices. intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published in france 3/13/95 16 95 cia discovered a transshipment company was being used by rodriguez orejuela and worked with dea and police to intercept 5.5 tons of cocaine. per agency, cia is involved in more than a dozen similar ops a year. ap 6/28/95 95 cia's crime and narcotics center (cnc) and the community open source program office (cospo) are sponsoring a conference for federal level gvt employees only, on osint and how it applies to international organized crime and counter narcotics law enforcement. conference will be held on september 6-7th. oss notices 8/31/95 1 95 samuel h. banks, assistant commissioner of u.s. customs, head of office of field ops, recommended better info and intel-gathering along u.s.-mexican border. his recommendation for more intel collection means customs wants to get out of its "passive drug interception" role and into "proactive" anti-drug ops, a field already crowded with pentagon, cia, dea and fbi all trying to justify portions of their budget by proactive anti-drug ops. intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published in france 10/9/95 11 95 the drug enforcement agency (dea) and its predecessor agencies operated overseas for past 68 years. dea mandated by president and congress to operate overseas with foreign law enforcement agencies. dea works closely with host-nation officials in open bilateral relationships by providing law enforcement training and investigative assistance. these are not covert actions. letter by paul v. daly, asst administrator for dea. washington post 5/1/95 a18 96 each "region" designated by joint task force - six (jtf-six), based at biggs army airfield, ft. bliss, tx, has several field grade officers assigned to regional federal law enforcement agencies hqs whose mission is to collect and transmit law enforcement intel to jtf-six and operation alliance. state law enforcement agencies (lea's) also have active duty military liaison officers assigned to them. for the most part, these liaison officers are mi types, or their secondary career field is mi. liaison officers are responsible for relaying to active duty units assigned to jtf-six either as rapid support units (rsu) or conducting unresourced jtf-six (mexican border) or northstar (canadian border) missions, info pertaining to ongoing federal, state or local lea investigations. info is then acted upon by the military units involved with the aim of producing finished intel for agencies in question. frequently the drug "nexus" is conspicuously absent, or simply invented to sucker-in military involvement. waco is a case in point. active duty intel analysts, systems operators, and humint specialists (ci types) are routinely assigned to operation alliance satellite activities to process raw info on civilian activities into finished intel intended to be used by active duty military units assigned jtf-six missions. military intel liaison officers attached to lea's approach their duties with an unhealthy enthusiasm. in many instances, in order to curry favor with their assigned lea, military officers will pressure active duty units assigned to jtf-six, to perform missions on behalf of the lea's they are supporting that are best described as "dicey." active duty mi is intimately involved in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of civilian intel to active duty counter-drug operations. melsmith vnet.net 6/26/96 96 gen. barry mccaffrey joins the war on drugs as director of national drug control policy. u.s. news & world report 2/12/96 14 96 new drug council. following the recent publication of clinton's annual "drug trafficking blacklist" which includes 31 countries, all of which were on last year's list except new arrivals belize and cambodia, cinton set up a cabinet-level council on counter- narcotics which includes almost everyone in the cabinet. given its size and the workload of its 16 members, the council will have difficulty reaching its objective of advising and assisting the president and ensuring coordination among departments and agencies. intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published in france 4/1/96 49 96 president clinton established a council on counter-narcotics. new cabinet-level council will be chaired by clinton. members are: dci deutch; vice president; secretary of state; secretary of treasury; secretary of defense; attorney general; secretary of transportation; representative of us to the un; director of omb; chief of staff to president; director of national drug control policy; assistant to president for national security affairs; counsel to president; chairman, jcs; and national security advisor for the vice president. council's purpose is to help in providing direction and oversight for national drug control strategy. it is also to ensure coordination among departments and agencies. iwr 3/17/96 a central texas savings and loan that had ties to associates of reputed organized crime figures lent 3 million to a miami banker with connections to cia. peoples savings and loan in llano lent 3 million ray corona who convicted of serving as front for major latin american drug smuggler. loan helped corona keep his miami bank, sunshine state bank, in business. houston post 2/18/90 a1, 24 a.g. thornburgh summoned to court to explain why gvt abandoned settlement involving a drug-laden plane leased to u.s. agents and the contras. pilot michael tolliver testified he flew arms to contras and illegal drugs back to u.s. washington post 3/21/90 a19 according to the author of "the big white lie," michael levine, war on drugs is biggest, whitest, and deadliest" lie ever perpetrated on u.s. citizens. as a 25-year agent for dea, levine worked deep-cover drug cases from bangkok to buenos aires... in big white lie, levine leads reader through the odyssey of over a decade of undercover work as he lived it - repeating verbatim conversations...levine tells how the beautiful south american "queen of cocaine" seduced cia into protecting her from prosecution as she sold drugs to americans; how pro-bolivian ruling party was overthrown, its members tortured and killed by cia-sponsored paramilitary terrorists; and how cia created "la corporacion," the general motors of cocaine which led directly to current cocaine/crack epidemic. big white lie book jacket cover afghanistan, 79-90 mujaheddin commanders inside afghanistan control huge fields opium poppies and reap harvest of as much as four million pounds opium a year. by 89 afghanistan and pakistan produced as much heroin as rest of world combined. weiner, t. (1990). blank check: the pentagon's black budget 151-152 afghanistan, 81-83 tribal groups we supporting increased cross-border sales opium. afghanistan opium crop, refined in pakistan, now dominates heroin market in eastern u.s. peterzell, j. (1984). reagan's secret wars 19 afghanistan. afghan rebels heroin ops. discussion of in counterspy 5/84 7 afghanistan. drug enforcement agency acknowledging rebels financing war in part with proceeds of opium. dea estimates 4 to 4 and half tons heroin smuggled into u.s. annually. counterspy 5/84 7 afghanistan, 82 sales of opium fund afghan afghan rebels. the dea said 52% of the heroin brought into the u.s. last year is believed to have come from the area of afghanistan, pakistan and iran. u.s. policy contradictory it wants to fight the drug traffic and to drive the ussr out of afghanistan. 250 to 300 tons opium were produced in afghanistan in 81 that quantity could be converted into 25 to 30 tons of heroin. processing done in pakistan. drug traffickers in u.s. import 4 to 4 1/2 tons of heroin a year. washington post 12/17/83 afghanistan, 86-90 a billion dollar trade in drugs, arms, and smuggled goods provided the material basis for the jihad. the progressive 5/90 27-30 afghanistan, 86 a dos report describes afghanistan and the bordering tribal areas of pakistan as "the world's leading source of illicit heroin exports to the us and europe. the sale of this opium plays an important part in the finances of the cia-backed afghan rebels. nyt 6/20/86 from intel parapolitics 9/86 p7 afghanistan, 89 adm dickering over how best to arm the mujahedeen. areas controlled by them include some of the most fertile centers of opium production. dos report circa 3/89 said afghanistan produced 700 to 800 metric tons of opium 88, most from territory held by rebels. rep bill mccollum hit cia over handling of mujahedeen and working thru pakistan's intel service. the nation 10/16/89 412 afghanistan, 89 the fight for control of prime poppy-growing areas near pakistan has undercut mujahedin efforts to topple the afghan gvt according to dos officials. newsweek 9/18/89 4 afghanistan, 92 per state dept big opium crop goes beyond 300 to 400 tons - 500 tons probable. intelligence newsletter 5/28/92 7 afghanistan, iran, pakistan. (golden crescent) accounts for 75% all heroin in u.s.in 83 4.5 tons heroin came to u.s from golden crescent. covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 87 11 afghanistan, pakistan, 80-90 17 dea agents assigned to u.s. embassy in islamabad. dea reports identified 40 significant narcotics syndicates in pakistan. despite high quality dea intel, not a major syndicate investigated by pakistani police in a decade. hekmatyar himself controlled six heroin refineries. without fear of arrest heroin dealers began exporting product to europe an america, capturing more than 50% of both markets. when pakistani police picked up hamid hasnain, v.p. of gvt's habib bank, they found in his briefcase the personal records of president zia. phc 455 blatant official corruption continued until gen zia's death in an air crash. typical of misinfo that blocked any u.s. action against pakistan's heroin trade, the state dept's semi-annual narcotics review in september called gen zia a strong supporter of anti-narcotics activities in pakistan. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 456 afghanistan, pakistan, 80-90 pakistan gvt officials involved in drugs, mujaheddin manufacturing heroin, exporting it to europe and u.s. using money to support guerrillas. z magazine 1/91 71 afghanistan, pakistan, 85-90 u.s. gvt avoids investigating drug trade run by afghan resistance movement. gvt has info re heroin deals gulbuddin hekmatjar, leader of mujaheddin but takes no action. barnett rubin of yale university based on washington post story: "people attempting research this connection receive hardly any support. our relationship with pakistani military is centerpiece our strategic presence in southern asia and even in the persian gulf." article outlines movement of weapons and drugs via pakistani isi and the national logistic cell (nlc) entirely owned by pakistani army. top secret s/a-90 17-18 afghanistan, pakistan, 89 as foreign aid declined in 89, afghan leaders expanded opium production to sustain guerrilla armies. a scramble among rival mujaheddin leaders occurred. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 458 afghanistan, pakistan, 90 see article "u.s. declines to probe afghan drug trade, rebels, pakistani officers implicated." washington post 5/13/90 a1,29 aid official in 72 reported "even though the cia was in fact, facilitating movement of opiates to u.s. they hid behind shield of secrecy and said it done in the interest of national security." national reporter s 86 43 alberto sicilia falcon: miami cuban allegedly trained as a u.s. government agent, who in 1972 emerged as a trafficker of drugs through mexico. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 262 alder berriman ("barry") seal: convicted drug smuggler who took photographs allegedly showing sandinista official federico vaughan and colombian kingpin pablo escobar loading cocaine onto seal's plane. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 262 alfred mccoy's book, the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug trade - review despite some reservations says book is a severe indictment of u.s. drug policy. the nation 12/30/91 852 americas, 93 nsc and ag reno and some members congress feel paramilitary war against drugs total waste of money. state, dod, coast guard and customs opposed to nsc's planned reorientation. pentagon had commissioned study, "u.s. army counterdrug support: front end analysis, final report," by mitre corp to provide cost-effective allocation of army resources in effort. intelligence newsletter 10/14/93 5 an exchange of letters offering differing views re alfred w. mccoy's book, the politics of heroin. comments by mccoy, peter dale scott, dave fratello of the drug policy foundation and michael massing [who had written a nation article somewhat critical of the book]. the nation 2/17/92 182, 212 an open letter to members of congress re the link between u.s./cia/policy and drug smugglers in laos, cambodia, vietnam, thailand, afghanistan, pakistan, panama, costa rica, honduras and guatemala. unclassified 11/91 10-11 aristides sanchez: contra leader whose relatives supplied cocaine in san francisco frogman case. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 262 article "noriega crony admits laundering role." gonzalo mora jr. pleaded guilty to $32 million money-laundering scheme. another defendant in case, amjad awan, former official of bcci. washington times 1/18/90 a3 australia, book called "cochin connection" by australian couple brian and alison milgate questions links between asis and drug trade. a dea official, jerry moore, urged brian milgate to be careful [in testifying] since a number of characters in drug org checked directly back to intel community - the cia as well as another foreign gvt. if cia business threatened, he told brian, their wrath would be deadlier than what might be expected from the mafia. toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). oyster: the story of the australian secret intelligence service 254 bahamas, 87 athanasios "tommy" maillis gave testimony in 1987 which implicated bahamian prime minister pindling to a large drug trafficking ring. maillis, who claimed cia trained him, said he obtained three photos showing pindling with drug trafficker lehder. after showing them to dia he handed them over to cia - never to be seen again. in his first cia op, maillis penetrated bahamian banking system to report on financial transactions. eddy, p. (1988). the cocaine wars 117,150-155 besides his deputy. first slot howard p. hart asked for when he took over couternarcotics center in ddo was a lawyer. kessler, r. (1992). inside the cia 251 bndd: bureau of narcotics and dangerous drugs, which in 1973 became drug enforcement administration (dea). scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 259 bolivia. luis garcia meza: bolivian general who came to power through 1980 cocaine coup; cal conference participant same year. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 260 bolivia. roberto suarz gomez: bolivian cocaine trafficker until arrested 88 after falling out with colombian cartels. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine politics 262 bolivia, 78-80 dea agent michael levine as part of a sting op, paid $9 million to jose roberto gasser, of a rich and powerful bolivian family - a family linked to world anti communist league and cia. he was arrested after leaving bank with alfredo gutierrez, a man in dea files as one of biggest drug dealers in world. soon u.s. attorney general (now prosecuting noriega), michael sullivan, released gasser and within months gutierrez is released. then gasser, roberto suarez, and gasser's father erwin gasser meet with bolivian military and begin to foment a (cocaine) coup, the 80 bolivian revolution in which drug dealers took over country. during coup people who helped dea in sting were either exiled, killed or tortured. levine learned that cia was a supporter of this revolution and that was why gasser was released. z magazine mag 1/92 27-30 bolivia, 88-91 see article "what war on drugs? troops, not talks in bolivia." the progressive 7/91 27-29 bolivia, 90-91 president jaime paz zamora signed an agreement with u.s. permitting participation of bolivia's armed forces in anti-cocaine efforts. nacla (magazine re latin america) 7/91 33 bolivia, 91 gis' drug-war training of bolivian army draws fire. washington post 4/23/91 a10 bolivia, nicaragua, 88 roberto suarez levy, son of bolivia's cocaine king roberto suarez, stated in 1988 that a cocaine factory in huanchaca was used to finance nicaraguan contras and was under control of u.s. dea. intelligence newsletter 11/16/91 6 bolivia, peru, and colombia, 89 bush adm new anti-drug campaign designed to bolster ci efforts. will provide $261 million in mostly military and law enforcement aid. u.s. military personnel, including special forces will train and support local forces fighting the traffickers. washington post 10/19/89 a24 brazil, ecuador, venezuela, 92 extent of drug activities in those countries unknown due to a lack of info. levels not believed significant compared with those of colombia, bolivia and peru. countries have limited countering programs and receive limited u.s. support. u.s. general accounting office nsiad-92-226 1 burma, 51 after delivering arms to kmt in burma, an unknown number cat pilots loading kmt opium for return flight to bangkok. one of these, jack killam, was murdered in 51 after an opium deal went wrong and was buried in an unmarked grave by cia agent sherman joost. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 178 burma, 67-90 story of khun sa. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 363-382 burma, 89 article in newsweek "burma's money tree: the drug lord uses opium to underwrite antigvt warfare." newsweek 5/15/89 42-3 burma, 90 "as burmese opium production rises, u.s. debates resuming anti-drug aid." washington post 11/5/90 a17,18 burma, 92-93 dea agent richard horn, now stationed new orleans accused state and cia officials in burma of trying to thwart and undermine the dea's mission in burma. he charges that franklin "pancho" huddle, jr of state and a cia agent, had his phone tapped and had him removed from burma. suit asks damages. washington times 10/28/94 a12 burma, 93-94 dea agent richard horn claims cia and state department forced him out of burma to play down drug interests over other diplomatic interests. time 11/7/94 50 burma, 94 thousands followers of warlord khun sa face starvation and preparing to flee his base at ho mong. thais sealed (sic) their border under pressure from u.s. washington times 10/8/94 a10 burma, 96 burma refuses to extradite opium warlord, khun sa, who surrendered. washington times 2/10/96 a9 burma, china, laos, 61-65 after kmt troops chased out of burma into northwest laos those that not resettled to taiwan (2,000 to 3,000) kmt regulars were left behind in laos. cia hired them to strengthen rightist position. per w. young these troops placed under nominal command of gen phoumi nosavan and became bataillon speciale 111. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 349 burma, laos, thailand, vietnam, 50-90 american impact on region's drug trade wether cover complicity or active suppression, relied on relations with local allies. since cia covert ops demand alliances with powerful warlords or tribal leaders who necessarily deal in drugs, agency has repeatedly enmeshed its covert ops with region's opium trade. by investing leaders with the authority of its alliance, cia provides protection that a drug lord can use to expand his share of traffic. thru alliance he gains access to international transport or commercial contacts that facilitate movement and marketing of drugs. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 385 burma, taiwan. within kmt's fractious intel establishment authority over golden triangle under the intel bureau of ministry national defense (ibmnd). this primary opium producing area. by late 70s, drug trade a standard feature of kmt intel. kmt along with china lobby, wacl put out torrent of propaganda asserting china exported huge quantities opium. kaplan, d. (1992). fires of the dragon: politics, murder, and the kuomintang 229,232 burma, thailand, 68-90 khun sa, armed by the cia, trained by the kmt, and protected by the burmese and thai gvts, khun sa has drawn strength from the complicity of powerful states and their intel agencies. if khun sa were to fall, the same forces that empowered him would soon create another opium warlord in his place. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 435 burma, thailand, 83 see article "battle of the warlords; at stake: the golden triangle's $800 million opium trade." details of khun sa and his drug ops. time 1/17/83 32 burma, thailand, 91 "burma, thailand battling opium warlord." khun sa is on defensive against attacks by thai military and wa ethnic group. washington times 4/15 91 a10 burma, thailand, china, 51 in an interview with u.s. ambassador rankin, chinat gen li mi gave a pessimistic account of his [cia-sponsored] ops and showed pressures were leading him into drug trade. during his first invasion of china from 6 june to 15 july 51 his troops rcvd 5 cat airlifts inside yunnan totaling 875 rifles with 40 rounds each and 2000 carbines with 50 rounds. he lost 800 men in pla counterattack. he withdrew with some 30,000 to 40,000 able-bodied men. at suggestion of 2 american officers with his forces in burma he traveled to bangkok for a conference. americans unhappy he had withdrawn. li mi had 4 contacts with gen frank merrill a wartime leader. he instructed li mi to try to bring karens closer to burmese gvt. later merrill stopped contact and money from this channel. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: cia complicity in the global drug traffic 171-2 canada, 95 new drug route to u.s. increased coastal anti-drug measures in the u.s. and comparatively lenient canadian drug penalties have resulted in british columbia, and vancouver in particular, becoming a major north american entry point for golden triangle heroin. once in british columbia, a trek south into idaho, montana or north dakota seems to offer little difficulty. intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published in france 2/13/95 35 central america. 85-87 dos used 4 companies owned and operated by narcotics traffickers to supply humanitarian assistance to the contras. companies were: setco air, a company established by honduran drug trafficker ballesteros; diacsa, a miami-based air company; frigorificos de puntaremas; and vortex, an air service used by michael palmer. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report by senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 p43-48 central america. book by peter dale scott and jonathan marshall, "cocaine politics: drugs, armies and the cia." c. hitchens says this one of most enlightening books of year. article also talks about john hull and costa rica asking for his extradiction. he charged with murder and drug smuggling. the nation 8/19/91 184 central america. francisco "paco" chanes was a partner in miami company called ocean hunter seafood. terrell, j., and martz, r. (1992). disposable patriot 246 central america, 87-90 witness says drug lord told of contra arms. (miguel angel felix gallardo was supplying weapons to contras to keep u.s. pressure off his drug smuggling operation). los angeles times * 7/7/90 a1 central america, 81-96 dci deutch said he found no evidence of wrongdoing but has ordered the inspector general to investigate allegations cia was involved in drug trafficking to support nicaraguan contras. drugs sold to street gangs in los angeles. washington post 9/7/96 central america, 82-96 norwin meneses, danilo blandon and freeway rick ross made fortunes creating the first mass market in america for crack cocaine. rick ross visited crack upon black neighborhoods in los angeles and cities as far east as cincinnati. 8/23/96 freeway rick may be sent to prison without parole. the two men who turned in rick ross, for at least five years, supplied him with colombian cocaine. in june 79, after the victory of sandinistas, oscar danilo blandon reyes age 29 fled to california. today, danilo blandon is a well-paid and trusted operative for dea for latin america. in march, he was dea's star witness at a drug trial in san diego. blandon with donald barrios. blandon then met, juan norwin meneses cantarero and they flew to honduras and met col. enrique bermudez. blandon and meneses started raising money for the contras. norwin meneses, was then under active investigation by dea and the fbi. norwin meneses came to the u.s. in july 1979 as a political refugee. he settled in the san francisco bay area, and for the next six years supervised the importation of thousands of kilos of cocaine into california. meneses cantanero's involvement. ricky donnell ross. ross and newell steadily built up clientele. eventually, corrales introduced ross and newell to his supplier, danilo blandon. within a year, ross' drug op grew to dominate inner-city los angeles. nicaraguan cocaine dealer jacinto torres, another former supplier of ross and a sometime-partner of blandon, told drug agents in 92 interview that blandon's cocaine business dramatically increased. ... norwin meneses, blandon's supplier as of 1983 and 1984, routinely flew quantities of 200 to 400 kilograms from miami to the west coast. norwin meneses, or the cia, or the salvadoran air force planes that allegedly flew cocaine into an air base in texas. san jose mercury 8/19/96 central america, 84-87 instances in which law enforcement and criminal prosecutions subordinated to other foreign policy concerns listed. the barry adler seal episode. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report by senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 120-1 central america, 85-86 convicted drug smuggler gary betzner, a pilot, and george morales, a colombian emigre under charges of drug smuggling, both claim that cia agents and other u.s. officials helped the contras run drugs-out guns-in op. the dea and cia helped them. newsweek 1/26/87 26 central america, 85-87 a money launderer for the major colombian cocaine cartel testified before congress that he funneled nearly $10 million to nicaraguan contras thru former cia operative felix rodriguez. ramon milian-rodriguez who serving time in prison said the cartel thought it was currying favor with the cia. washington post 6/30/87 a4